For peer-reviewed, scientific publications on research conducted in the Lake Champlain basin region, search our Zotero Library.
Lake Champlain Videos is a series of recently released videos to help people understand the lake and its processes and the actions people can take to protect and improve water quality and keep themselves and their pets safe. Visit our YouTube Channel to see the full playlist.
For Lake Champlain Sea Grant publications that include scientific journal articles, reports, brochures, fact sheets, videos, public service announcements, and other materials about our research, outreach, and education related to the Lake Champlain basin, search below.
Planting Guidelines for Vermont ANR Lands
Published 2025
A guide for the most common planting project types on Vermont state lands that can be applied to all planting projects. It includes decision trees that can be used when developing several project types, including landscaping, erosion control, ecological restoration, and assisted migration (adaptation) plantings. It has extensive information about plant material sourcing considerations, including a list of local native plant nurseries and sources of local Vermont ecotypes.
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Lake Champlain Sea Grant Stormwater Regional Utility Research Fellowship: Final Report
Published 2025
This report presents the findings of the Lake Champlain Sea Grant Stormwater Regional Utility Research Fellowship, a one-year collaborative initiative funded by Burlington, Colchester, Essex, Essex Junction, Shelburne, South Burlington, and Lake Champlain Sea Grant. The fellowship was established to assess whether a regional approach to Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) compliance could improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance service delivery for the six participating Vermont municipalities.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Tracking Salt Use
Published 2025
This fact sheet gives an overview of tracking salt as a sustainable salt practice. A key step in implementing sustainable road salting is to track the amount of salt used. If you don’t know how much salt is being spread, you cannot assess how you are doing to limit its use over time. Luckily, new technologies allow communities and businesses to track salt use with precision.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Segmented Plows
Published 2025
This fact sheet outlines the use of segmented plows as a sustainable road salt practice. A segmented (or sectional) plow is a plow blade with multiple sections, varying from one to four feet wide. Each segment moves independently along the road surface during plowing, removing snow more effectively as it passes over uneven surfaces.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: RWIS
Published 2025
This fact sheet gives an overview of using an RWIS as a sustainable road salting practice. An RWIS (pronounced R-wis) is a Road Weather Information Station. RWIS provide real-time site-specific information about conditions at a site using cameras, and air and pavement temperature sensors.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Pre-wetting
Published 2025
This fact sheet outlines the process of pre-wetting as a sustainable road salt practice. Pre-wetting is the process of adding a saltwater mixture (called brine) to dry rock salt.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Measuring Pavement Temperature
Published 2025
This fact sheet outlines the practice of measuring pavement temperatures for sustainable road salt use. By measuring pavement temperatures, snow fighters can know whether it is too cold for rock salt to be effective or if salt is not needed as pavement temperatures are above freezing. The product most commonly used to prevent ice from forming on roads and other hard surfaces is sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is only effective at reducing the freezing point of water down to pavement temperatures of 15F. Alternatively, if pavement temperatures are above
freezing, no salt is needed.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Calibration
Published 2025
This fact sheet outlines the use of calibration as a sustainable road salting practice. Calibration by doing a “drop test” is a process to measure how much salt comes out of the spreader in a given time period.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Brine
Published 2025
This fact sheet gives an overview of using brine as a sustainable road salting practice. Brine is a 23.3% salt-water mixture that is used to treat pavements before (anti-icing) and/or after storms (de-icing). It makes salting more precise and effective.
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Sustainable Road Salting Practices: Adjusting Salt Used
Published 2025
This fact sheet gives an overview of the sustainable salt practice of adjusting salt usage. Adjusting the amount of salt or pre-wet salt based on conditions is an important tool for snow fighters. They can use an online calculator, air-ground temperature sensors, and weather forecasts to inform their decisions.
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